瞬变流摩阻计算及摩阻对水力瞬变的影响

摩阻损失的精确计算对于长输管道的水力瞬变分析是很重要的一个环节、过去为减少计算工作量，采用固定摩阻系数和流量一阶近似法计算瞬交流摩阻，精度有限．本跟踪液流流态变化，采用变摩阻系数和流量二阶插值法计算瞬交流摩阻，提高了摩阻计算精度．同时，从理论上分析了管道摩阻对水力瞬变的影响，澄清了一些模糊认识．     

High‐order upwinding and the hydraulic jump

This work is concerned with the computation of incompressible axisymmetric and full three‐dimensional free‐surface flows. In particular, the circular‐hydraulic jump is simulated and compared with approximate analytic solutions. However, the principal thrust of this paper is to provide a real problem as a test bed for comparing the many existing convective approximations. Their performance is compared; SMART, HLPA and VONOS emerge as acceptable upwinding methods for this problem. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三纵列液压模块组合挂车侧倾稳定性计算

研究了三纵列任意轴线的液压模块组合挂车的侧倾稳定性问题, 分别推导了 面向侧翻稳定性及爆胎稳定性的关于装载量、装载货物质心高度及路面横向倾角的通用计算 公式. 最后用推导的通用公式对典型三纵列液压模块组合挂车的侧倾稳定性进行了实际计算, 并绘制了装载量、装载货物质心高度及路面横向倾角的关系图.     

基于分布式光纤传感阵列的管网泄漏监测系统研究

复杂液压管网的泄漏检测是液压系统面临的难点之一.采用LabVIEW与FoxPro数据库结合的方法,开发了阵列式光纤传感管网泄漏监测系统软件.该软件控制NI公司数据采集卡PXI-6133采集经调制后的光纤传感器干涉信号,再对获得的信号进行降噪处理,根据降噪后的波形是否出现零点频率判断管道是否泄漏并进行报警;该系统还可实时...     

对液压法测杨氏模量的实验研究

引入了液压法测量杨氏模量,用液压微位移放大原理来表征微小变化量,用液压微位移放大器对传统的实验装置进行改进,通过实验原理、误差分析,结合测量结果,对此实验方法进行分析与讨论,由此给出了一种测量杨氏模量新的方法.     

On the effective permeability of a heterogeneous porous medium: the role of the geometric mean

This paper uses experimental data derived from surface permeability tests conducted on a bench-scale 508?mm cuboidal sample of Indiana Limestone. These results are used in combination with computational modelling to test the hypothesis that the geometric mean is a good proxy to represent permeability when the spatial distribution of the permeability for the heterogeneous rock, with no evidence of hydraulic anisotropy or fractures, is log-normal. The predictive capabilities of the geometric mean as a measure of the effective permeability are further assessed by examining specific examples where three-dimensional flows are initiated in the heterogeneous domain and where the equivalent homogeneous problem gives rise to purely circular flows that have exact solutions. The approach is also applied to examine a hypothetical hydraulic pulse test that is conducted on a cuboidal region with sealed lateral boundaries, consisting of the experimentally measured heterogeneous distribution of permeability and an equivalent homogeneous region where the permeability corresponds to the geometric mean.     

Mathematical modelling of a hydraulic accumulator for hydraulic hybrid drives

ABSTRACT

Hydraulic accumulators are used as energy storages in a wide area of applications. In particular, in automotive hybrid drive-trains, this type of energy storage is an interesting alternative to today’s common strategies like chemical batteries or flywheels. This article deals with the mathematical modelling of a hydraulic accumulator for passenger vehicles, which comprises a carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) body and aluminium piston. The thermodynamical behaviour of the oil and gas as well as the interaction with the CFRP body is investigated in detail. Starting from a complex model, two models of reduced complexity are derived. The validation of these models with measurement data from a test drive with a prototype series hydraulic hybrid drive-train proves their high accuracy.     

ADVANCES IN RESEARCH OF HYDRAULIC FRACTURES IN UNCONSOLIDATED SANDS

疏松砂岩水力压裂裂缝的典型特征是大量分支缝、微裂缝和一定钝度的裂缝尖端及剪切带的形成等. 主要通过对相关文献的调研,分析了剪切作用、拉伸作用等对裂缝形态特征（起裂、转向、延伸）等力学行为所产生的影响,通过针对一些疏松砂岩的压裂实验研究发现,其滤失过程主要受到缝尖区域的影响,而且滤失一般发生在裂缝扩展之前. 裂缝缝尖周围的局部应力往往是影响裂缝起裂和裂缝开度的主导参数,裂缝的形态特征则是应力、渗透率、流态等综合作用的结果,对疏松砂岩裂缝形态特征的形成做了进一步的解释.     

水力压裂解析模型裂缝扩展参数敏感性分析

水力压裂形成复杂裂缝网络是致密储层油气开采的重要技术,掌握水压裂缝扩展机理是控制压裂行为和优化压裂效果的关键．水压裂缝动态扩展行为涉及储层岩体、注入压裂液、压裂实施工艺等方面,其中水力压裂扩展时间、压裂液流体动力粘度系数、压裂液流体注入流速、储层岩石剪切模量成为决定裂缝扩展长度和裂缝开度的重要因素．本研究采用KGD、PKN两类等高解析模型对主控因素的参数敏感性进行分析,直观、快速、可靠地获得水压裂缝扩展长度、张开度动态演化行为的量化数值．研究发现,压裂持续开展过程中水压裂缝扩展长度呈线性增长、开度逐渐趋于稳定,高流体动力粘度导致裂缝难扩展、形成较大裂缝开度,通过增加压裂液流体注入流速可同时增加裂缝扩展长度和开度,较高的岩石剪切模量将降低水压裂缝的开度．通过对比两类解析模型在不同参数下的水压裂缝扩展结果,分析压裂参数与裂缝扩展的相关性和敏感系数,讨论水力压裂解析模型的裂缝扩展参数敏感性．     

Complexity of Fracturing in Terms of Non-Extensive Statistical Physics: From Earthquake Faults to Arctic Sea Ice Fracturing

Fracturing processes within solid Earth materials are inherently a complex phenomenon so that the underlying physics that control fracture initiation and evolution still remain elusive. However, universal scaling relations seem to apply to the collective properties of fracturing phenomena. In this article we present a statistical physics approach to fracturing based on the framework of non-extensive statistical physics (NESP). Fracturing phenomena typically present intermittency, multifractality, long-range correlations and extreme fluctuations, properties that motivate the NESP approach. Initially we provide a brief review of the NESP approach to fracturing and earthquakes and then we analyze stress and stress direction time series within Arctic sea ice. We show that such time series present large fluctuations and probability distributions with “fat” tails, which can exactly be described with the q-Gaussian distribution derived in the framework of NESP. Overall, NESP provide a consistent theoretical framework, based on the principle of entropy, for deriving the collective properties of fracturing phenomena and earthquakes.